Fabrication of photonic nanostructures in nonlinear optical polymers

Two experimental techniques have been developed for creating photonic structures in nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers with precisions down to nanoscale. The ®rst technique uses nanoimprinting technology to directly pattern the guest±host NLO polymers. It can be applied to the fabrication of photonic bandgap structures in NLO materials, as well as many other photonic structures in both linear and nonlinear polymers. The second technique utilizes self-assembly of NLO polymer monolayers onto a nanostructured template. This approach provides a highly e€ ective means to implement practical waveguide devices using high performance self-assembled polymers with large electro-optic activity and inherent long-term stability. An optical switching device is proposed, based on nanofabricated NLO polymers.